Apparatus for pumping liquids.



T. 'M. CHANGE. APPARATUS FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS.

APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 10, 1912.

Patented N0v.25, 1913.

- described in this specification.

of pumping liquids to which the said appli-- THOMAS M. CHANCE, PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA.

-- APPARA TUS FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patent ed Nov. 25,1913.

Application filed January 10, 1912. Serial No. 670,413/

To all whom it may concern v Be it known that I, THOMAS M. CHANCE,

a citizen of the United States, residing at' Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Apparatus for Pumping Liquids, whereof the .followfhg is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus for pumping liquids adapted to housed in operating a method of pumping liquids for which an application for patent was filed by me in the United States Patent Office August,

5th 1910,8erial No.575,669', and in which said application I have described and shown, buthave not claiined, apparatus of the type cation of August 5th 1910 relates,'is one in which a piston actuated by a medium having high initial pressure and expansion'force is used to impart a body of liquid, in which the piston is decelerated and stopped while this body of liquid has relatively high velocity and in which the continued travel of the body of liquid after t-he end of the stroke of the piston is used to draw in and to discharge liquid, and in which a portion or allof the energy represented of liquidduring-the power stroke of the pis- 1 ton is used to effect, or to assist, the return of liquid being used to draw in and to dis-- ,stroke of the power piston and to react. upon theprime medium; the kinetic energy represented by the velocity of the moving body v charge liquid,

To 'carry outthisanethod I have invented the herein described apparatus.

The construction of ithis apparatus may be varied as to the shape, size, and number of 'ItS component parts andby the use of known devices for con'trollingthe how of liquids pm me moversactuated by an expanding thoseskillcd. in the art will be able readily t construct an apparatus ada-ptedto th aryingrequlrements of practice from drawings and description herein giy n.

Figure I is accntral vertical cross-section of such an apparatus illustrated by a type in which an ignited combustible, mixture,

. maybe used as the prime incdiumfand Fig.

II is a central 'verti'cal cross-section of the enging and mixture pump,

The method relatively high velocity to' by the travel of the body to perform the functions of mensions for medium and apparatus illustrated by a type in which steam or compressed air may he used as the prime medium.

In Fig. I, l is the power cylinder, which in this illustration is shown as a cylinder of the two-stroke cycle type in which the front end of the cylinder is used as a scavthrough the port 2 with a receiver 3 which in the drawing is shown as located in the base of the apparatus; 4; is an inlet valve for combustible mixture, 5 is an inlet port to the cylinder 1, (5 is an exhaust port, 7 is an exhaust outlet and 8 is an aperture in which a spark plug or other igniting devicemay be placed; 9 is the power piston, the stroke of which is limited by over-running the port 2 and cushioning on the confined air or gas, or by a cushion 10 of rubber or other elastic material to prevent actual contact of the piston and cylinder head if the air or mixture should escape too rapidly from the cushioning clearance space, a connection 11 with a non-return valve 12 may be used to convey away a portion of the air or mixturecompressed in this cushioning space for use in the accumulator or for other use to which compressed air or mixture isadapted.

The power piston 9 is connected byvmeans ofa piston rod 13, working through. the, packing gland 14-, with the pump piston 15 which Works in the pump chamber 16 through the packing gland 17. The pump chamber 16 is provided with inlet valves 18 and an inlet-19 and is connected with a conduit 20 forming an elongated extension of the pump chamber 16. This conduit is connected through an air chamber 21, designed With-a discharge main 22. cl'iarge main 22 is of proper length and difunctions of the air chamber 21 may be performed by the discharge mam, and the air use'as an accumulator, the

connecting an accumulator, \Vhen the d1s' chamber. may be allowed to fill with liquid,

or it may be may be connecte d directly to the discharge main-22.

removed and the conduit 20 In Fig. II, which illustrates a type of the apparatus designed to be. operated by a aseous medium under ressure such as steamor compressed air, :1 is the power cylmder, 1n Wlllcll the front end through the port-23 is vin coihfiiunication with the ex:

power piston 9, connecting rod 13 and other haust or with theatmosphere, 24 is a valve -for the admission of the prime medium. This valve is cylindrical, resting when closed steam. or

' in Fig. I, operative at the end of the power upon a conical seat and isopened and closed by the valve stem 26 which may be connected to any mechanisnrin common use fori'nechanically opening and closing the admission, valves of prime movers using compressed air expansively. The exhaust port 6 and exhaust outlet 7 are, as

stroke of the power piston 9 the stroke of which is limited by over-running the port "23 and cushioning upon the steam or air .ing description of Fig.

- of cushioning and stopping the the end of the power 25 rorated by ports 28 permitting the free infiowand outflow of liquid. The end of this permitted to discharge throu medium to sleeve 27 is closed and, after running past the end of the ports 28 the piston 9 cushions upon liquid in the-end of this sleeve or cylinder 27. A portion of this liquid may be gh the outlet 29 and non-return valve 30 and may be conveyed directly fromthis outlet 29 into the pump delivery main,- and a non-return valve 31 may permit liquid to reenter the end of the-sleeve or cylinder 27 after the end of the power stroke. p I a The apparatus shown by these drawings consists of a combination of certain ele ments essential to all types of the apparatus. These elements comprise a pump cham- 1382, a pump piston, a power piston connectedto said punippiston, a power cylinder *constructed with ports-and valves to adapt said cylinder to use a prime medium having high pressure .and expansive force, with means for regulating the quantity of said permit its expansion during the "power stroke -of the piston, with means to decelerate and stop the piston at the end of its power stroke, a. conduit connecting said pump chamber and adapted to-contain a body of'liquid of such mass as to be used as a to give out the aliquid flywheel to absorb and subsequently excess of high pressure energy developed during the earlypart of the power stroke of the piston and to retain sufficient kinetic energy after the end of the power stroke to draw in and to discharge the liquid to be pumped, said conduit being designed to be connected to a discharge main or to an accumulator, and the said pump sators or flywheels,

chamber being connected with an inlet and an inlet valve to control the admission of liquid.

Theapparatus diiiers from apparatus" in common use for pumping'liquids by means of the energy of an expanding medium in the absence of discharge valves, compenthe body of liquid, with which the conduit must be filled before the apparatus can be operated, acting as a fly-, wheel to store up energy and to permit the travel of the piston to'tlie end of its stroke even although the prime medium has expanded before the end of the power stroke to apressurcless than the pressure required against which liquid is to bepumped. In constructing apparatus of this kind, the areas of the power piston and pump piston must be so proportioned as to develop the desired mean effective pressure in the power cylinder duringthe return or compression stroke of the piston, and as this mean elfectivepressure will be governed by the pressure to which it is desired to compress the prime 0- to move the piston against the pressure medium at the end of said return stroke,

these areas are determined by the relation of this latter pressure to'the pressure against. which liquid is to be pumped. An important feature of the apparatus therefore is that which relates to the proportioning of the relative 'areas of the power and pump pistons, and the construction adopted in buildingsuch apparatus must therefore be such as will permit the use'of pistons of the proper relative dimensions.

As the piston is to be decelerat'ed and stopped while the body of liquid to which it has imparted movement still has rela-' tively high velocity the apparatus is constructed in a manner which will permit of the piston being cushioned and stopped by a hydraulic or gaseous cushion or an elastic material such as a rubber or metallic spring or buffer, or other known device used for similar purposes. The energy absorbed "or stored by the cushioning device may be utilized to perform useful work in pumping liquid or in starting or in assisting to start the piston on its return stroke. In designing the. apparatus it is advantageous to keep the weight of the pistons and any accessories attached thereto, constituting the moving parts, as light in weight as is consistent with their proper strength.

hen the piston is deoelcrated and stopped by a hydraulic cushion or other device which acts upon ,the pump piston 15, as illustrated by Fig.: II, it is not necessary to rigidly connectthe pump piston 15 with the power piston 9'andthe piston rod 13 may be disconnected from the pump piston 15 dering the apparatus inoperative, for when such means are used for decelerating the pump piston the piston rod is not subjected to tension, and mere contact of such rod with the driven and driving pistons is sufiicient to insure operation of the apparatus.

The inlet valve to control the admission of liquid is shown in the drawings as an an tomatic non-return flat-seated lift valve of a type in common use, but I do not confine myself to the use of valves of this particular type for it is evident that valves of the puppet, globe, piston, disk or other types, single or multiple seated, or automatically or mechanically operated may be used to ad mit liquid to the apparatus.

The type of power cylinder construction and method of scavenging illustrated by Figs. I and H are not claimed in this application as they have been made the subject of another application filed in the U. S. Patent Oifice July 12 1913, Serial Number 778,682, for improvement in internal 'com-' bustion engines and method of scavenging same.

Having describedmy invention, I clann- 1. An apparatus for pumping liquids comprising-in combination a pump chamber, a pump piston operatively connected to the piston of a prime mover adapted to be actuated by'a medium having high initial pressure and expansive force, said pump piston.

being adapted to work in said pump chamber, an extension of said pump chamber forming a conduitconnecting said chamber with an accumulator, and a valved inlet for the admission of liquid to be pumped, said conduit being of such dimensions as may be necessary to contain a body of liquid whose mass, cross-sectional area and length pare such as to adapt it efiiciently to perform the functions of a fly wheel or compensator, in absorbing a portion of the energy developed during the early part of the power stroke of said pump piston and in giving out em, orgy in performing Work after the end of, the power stroke of said piston.

2. An apparatus for pumping liquids comprising in combination a pump chamber, a pump piston operatively connected to the piston of a prime mover adapted to be actuated bya medium having high initial pressure and expansive force, said pump pistonbeing adapted to work in said pump chamber, an extension of said pump chamber forming a conduit connecting said chamber with an accumulator, a discharge outlet adjacent to said accumulator and a valved inlet for the admission of liquid to be pumped, said conduit being of such dimensions as may be necessary to contain a body of liquid whose mass, eross-sectional area and length are such as to adapt it e'iiiciently to perform the functions of fly wheel or compensator in absorbing a portion of the energy developed during the early part of the power stroke oi said pump piston and in giving out energy in performing work after the end of the power stroke of said piston, and also eiiicicntly to perform similar functions during the return stroke of said piston in absorbin energy from said accumulator during the early part of said return stroke and ingiving out energy in work done upon said piston during the completion of said return stroke.

3. An apparatus for pumping liquids com prising in combination a pump chamber, a pump piston operatively connected to the piston of a prime mover adapted to be actuated by a medium having high initial pres sure and expansive force, said pump piston being adapted to work in said pump chamher, an; extension of said pump chamber forming a conduit connecting said chamber with an accumulator, a discharge outlet adjacent to said accumulator and a valved inlet for the admission of liquid to be pumped, said conduit being of such dimensions as may be necessary to contain a body of liquid whose mass, cross-sectional area and length turn stroke.

4. An apparatus for pumping liquids comprising in combination a pump chamber, a pump piston operatively connected to the piston of a prime mover adapted to be actuated by an elastic prime medium having high initial pressure and expansive force, said pump piston being adapted to work in said pump chamber, means for arresting the further movement of said piston at the end of its power stroke, an extension of said chamber forming a conduit connecting said chamber with an accumulator, a discharge outlet adjacent to said accumulator, a valved inlet for the admission of liquid .to be pumped, and means for admitting an elastic prime medium into said prime mover and for exhausting said prime medium after the expansion thereof, said conduit being of such length and diameter as may be required to contain a body of liquid whose. mass, cross-sectional area and length are such as to adapt it to etiiciently performthe functions out an oscillating flywheel or compensator in absorbing a relatively large amount of energy during the power stroke of said pump piston, in givingout this absorbed energy after the end of said powerstroke,

in absorbing a relatively smaller quantity of energy during a portion of the return stroke of said piston and in giving out this energy during the balance of said'return stroke;

5. An-apparatus for pumping liquids comprising in combination 'a pump chamber, a

pump piston connected to the piston of an internal combustion power cylinder, said pump piston being adapted to work in'said pump chamber, means tor arresting the further movement of said piston at the end'of its power stroke, an extension ofsaid pump chamber forming aconduit connecting said chamber with an accumulator, a discharge outlet for liquid adjacent to said accumulater, a valved inlet for the admission of liquid to be pumped, and means for admitting combustible matter to said cylinder and for exhausting .the products of combustion therefrom, 'said conduit-being of such length and diameter asrmay be required to contain a body of liquid Whose mass, cross-sectional area and length are such as to adapt it eflicientlyt-o perform the functions of an 0sci-llating fiywheelor compensator in absorbing a large portion of the energy of the power stroke of said power piston and in giving out said energy after the end of said power stroke and also in absorbingvenergy from said accumulator duringthe early part of the return stroke of said piston and'in' so giving out this energy during the balance of said return stroke that said return stroke may compress a combustible mixturecontained in, the combustion chamber to a pressure much higher than thatof the said accumulator.

6. An apparatus for pumping liquids comprising in combination a pump chamber, a pump pistonadapted t0. worktherein, an internal combustion power cylinder, a power piston adapted to work therein, said power piston and said pump piston being operativelyconnected, an extension of said pump chamber forming a than diameter and connecting said pump for liquid adjacent to said accumulator and a valved, inlet for liquid, said conduit providing free communication between said pump chamber and said accumulator whereby reaction from said accumulator toward said pump chamber may compress a charge of combustible mixture contained in said power cylinder.

7. An apparatus for pumping liquids comprising in combination a pump chamber, a pump piston adapted to work therein, a twostroke cycle internal combustion power cylinder, a )OWBr piston adapted to w rk therein, sai power piston'and said 1) up THOMAS CHANGE.

"Witnesses CHAS. Buss,

E. M. Lawn.

conduit of greater length chamber ivith. an accumulator, an outlet 

